Coastal geography is the study of the dynamic interface between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, geology and oceanography) and the human geography  of the coast. It involves an understanding of coastal weathering  processes, particularly wave action, sediment movement and weather, wave action and longshore drift, Sealevel changes(eustatic change), Land level changes (isostatic change),Coastal landforms.

A natural disaster due to geological  disturbances often caused by shifts in tectonic plates and seismic activity. It was one of the adverse geologic conditions capable of causing damage or loss of property and life which can be sudden phenomena and slow phenomena.  An earthquake may manifest with a shaking or displacement of the ground. It leads to warming of extreme daily minimum and maximum temperatures, intensification of extreme precipitation, increasing extreme coastal high water.

The relationship between natural disasters and communicable diseases is frequently misconstrued. The availability of safe water and sanitation facilities, the degree of crowding, the underlying health status of the population, and the availability of healthcare services all interact within the context of the local disease ecology to influence the risk for communicable diseases and death in the affected population.. Risk Factors for Communicable Disease Transmission, Communicable Diseases Associated with Natural Disasters(Water-related Communicable Diseases, Diseases Associated with Crowding,,Vectorborne Diseases). 

It is defined as man-made or natural harmful conditions. Harmful conditions which cause death, injury, illness, damage to or loss of systems, facilities, equipment or property, damage to the environment. For unmanned systems such as robotic satellites, damages due to non-malicious external causes that translates into degradation or loss of mission. For example unwanted collision of a satellite with another satellite, or with aspace debris. It includes non-voluntary in nature (design errors, malfunctions, human errors, etc.), security refers to threats which are voluntary (i.e. of aggressive nature such as use of anti-satellite weapons) 

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment that causes harmful and toxic effects to living things. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Environmental Effects consists of five basic types of pollution air, water, soil, noise and light. Environmental pollution is the contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected.

Climate change is a long-term hazard which can increase the risk of other weather hazards, and also directly endangers property due to sea level rise and biological organisms due to habitat destruction. Climate change outcomes can increase in global temperatures include increased risk of drought and increased intensity of storms. The extreme weather events responsible for natural disasters include: Extreme temperature, high heat waves and Storms including windstorms, hurricanes, high levels of precipitation and associated flooding, Lack of precipitation and associated drought

It is an international initiative to draw attention to the global economic benefits of biodiversity. Its objective is to highlight the growing cost of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and to draw together expertise from the fields of science, economics and policy to enable practical actions. The report provided evidence for significant global and local economic losses and human welfare impacts due to the ongoing losses of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems.